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Modern Backgammon
Time & Place
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1928 until today
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USA
References
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- 1928 -
Modern Backgammon - Nicholas, Grosvenor
- 1930 -
A Primer on Modern Backgammon - Bond, Ralph A.
- 1970 -
The Backgammon Book - Jacoby, Oswald and Crawford, John R.
Equipment
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Backgammon board
- 2 x 15 Pawns (men)
- 2 x 2 Dice
- 1 Doubling Cube
Rules
Initial Position |
Identical |
Start of the Game |
Each player throws 1 die and the best starts. |
Moves |
Identical |
Bearing Off |
Yes |
Bet |
Doubling Cube |
Doublets |
Played 4 times |
Gammon |
Yes |
Backgammon |
Yes |
Special Rules |
Automatic Doubles: only in money game, if identical numbers are thrown on the first roll, the stakes are doubled.
Several additional rules have appeared since 1970:
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Jacoby rule: only in money game, Gammons and backgammons count only as a single game if neither player has offered a double during the course of the game,
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Beaver and Raccoon: only in money game, an immediate redouble,
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Crawford rule: only in match play, when the leading player comes within one point of winning the match, the following game is played without a doubling cube,
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Holland Rule (rarely used today): only in match play, in post-Crawford games the trailer can only double after both sides have played two rolls.
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Variants |
Chouette: one player competes against a team of all the other participants, and positions rotate after each game. |
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